國務院辦公廳

關于促進建(jian)筑業持續健康發展的意見國(guo)辦(ban)發〔2017〕19號

各省、自治區、直轄(xia)市(shi)人民(min)政府，國務院各部委、各直屬機構：

建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)是國民經濟的(de)支(zhi)柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)。改革開放以來，我國建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)能(neng)力不斷(duan)增強(qiang)(qiang)，產(chan)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)模(mo)不斷(duan)擴大(da)，吸納(na)了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)農村轉移勞動(dong)力，帶動(dong)了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)關聯產(chan)業(ye)(ye)，對(dui)經濟社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)、城(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設和民生改善作出(chu)了(le)(le)重(zhong)要貢獻。但也要看(kan)到，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)仍然大(da)而不強(qiang)(qiang)，監管(guan)體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)不健全(quan)、工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設組織方式(shi)落后、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設計水平有待提(ti)高、質量(liang)安全(quan)事故時有發(fa)生、市(shi)場違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規(gui)行為(wei)較(jiao)多、企業(ye)(ye)核心競(jing)爭力不強(qiang)(qiang)、工人技能(neng)素質偏低等問(wen)題(ti)較(jiao)為(wei)突(tu)出(chu)。為(wei)貫徹落實《中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央 國務院(yuan)關于進(jin)(jin)一步加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)城(cheng)市(shi)規(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設管(guan)理工作的(de)若干(gan)意(yi)見》，進(jin)(jin)一步深化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)“放管(guan)服”改革，加(jia)快產(chan)業(ye)(ye)升級，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)持續健康發(fa)展(zhan)，為(wei)新型城(cheng)鎮化(hua)提(ti)供支(zhi)撐，經國務院(yuan)同意(yi)，現提(ti)出(chu)以下意(yi)見：

一、總體要求

全(quan)(quan)面(mian)貫(guan)徹黨的(de)(de)十八大和(he)(he)十八屆二中(zhong)、三(san)中(zhong)、四中(zhong)、五(wu)中(zhong)、六中(zhong)全(quan)(quan)會(hui)以及(ji)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)經(jing)濟(ji)工(gong)作會(hui)議、中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)城鎮化(hua)(hua)工(gong)作會(hui)議、中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)城市(shi)工(gong)作會(hui)議精神(shen)，深(shen)入(ru)貫(guan)徹習近平總書記系(xi)列重(zhong)要講話精神(shen)和(he)(he)治(zhi)國(guo)理政新理念新思想(xiang)新戰(zhan)略，認真落實(shi)黨中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)、國(guo)務院決策部署，統(tong)籌推(tui)進“五(wu)位一(yi)體”總體布局和(he)(he)協調推(tui)進“四個全(quan)(quan)面(mian)”戰(zhan)略布局，牢固樹立和(he)(he)貫(guan)徹落實(shi)創新、協調、綠色、開放(fang)、共(gong)享的(de)(de)發展理念，堅持以推(tui)進供給側結(jie)構性改(gai)革為主線，按(an)照適(shi)用、經(jing)濟(ji)、安全(quan)(quan)、綠色、美觀的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，深(shen)化(hua)(hua)建筑業“放(fang)管服(fu)”改(gai)革，完(wan)善監管體制機制，優化(hua)(hua)市(shi)場環境，提升工(gong)程質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)水(shui)平，強化(hua)(hua)隊伍建設，增強企業核心競爭力(li)，促(cu)進建筑業持續健康發展，打(da)造“中(zhong)國(guo)建造”品牌。

二、深化建(jian)筑(zhu)業簡政(zheng)放(fang)權改革

（一）優化資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)管(guan)(guan)理。進一步簡化工(gong)程建(jian)設企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)類別和等(deng)級(ji)設置，減少不必要的資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)認定。選擇部分地(di)區(qu)開展(zhan)試點，對信用良好(hao)、具(ju)有相關專業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術能(neng)力、能(neng)夠提供足額(e)擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，在其(qi)資(zi)(zi)質(zhi)類別內(nei)放寬承(cheng)攬業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)范(fan)圍限制，同(tong)時，加(jia)快完善信用體系、工(gong)程擔(dan)保(bao)(bao)及個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)等(deng)相關配(pei)套制度(du)，加(jia)強事中事后(hou)監管(guan)(guan)。強化個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)格(ge)管(guan)(guan)理，明(ming)晰注冊執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)的權(quan)利(li)、義務(wu)和責任，加(jia)大執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)責任追究力度(du)。有序發展(zhan)個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)事務(wu)所(suo)，推(tui)(tui)動建(jian)立(li)個(ge)人(ren)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)(bao)險制度(du)。大力推(tui)(tui)行(xing)“互聯網(wang)+政務(wu)服務(wu)”，實行(xing)“一站式”網(wang)上(shang)審批(pi)，進一步提高建(jian)筑領域行(xing)政審批(pi)效率(lv)。

（二）完善招標投標制度。加快(kuai)修訂《工程建(jian)設項目(mu)招標范圍和(he)規模(mo)(mo)標準(zhun)規定》，縮小(xiao)并嚴(yan)格界定必須(xu)進行招標的工程建(jian)設項目(mu)范圍，放寬有關規模(mo)(mo)標準(zhun)，防止(zhi)工程建(jian)設項目(mu)實行招標“一刀(dao)切”。在(zai)民間(jian)投資的(de)房屋建筑工程中(zhong)，探(tan)索(suo)由建設單位(wei)自主(zhu)決定發(fa)包方式。將依法(fa)必須招標的(de)(de)工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)項目納入統一(yi)的(de)(de)公(gong)共(gong)資源交(jiao)易平(ping)臺，遵循(xun)公(gong)平(ping)、公(gong)正、公(gong)開和(he)誠信的(de)(de)原則(ze)，規范招標投(tou)(tou)標行為(wei)。進一(yi)步簡化(hua)招標投(tou)(tou)標程(cheng)序，盡快實現招標投(tou)(tou)標交(jiao)易全過程(cheng)電子(zi)化(hua)，推行網上異地評標。對依法通過競爭性談判或單(dan)一來源方式確定供應(ying)商的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)采購工程建設(she)項(xiang)目，符(fu)合相應(ying)條件(jian)的(de)應(ying)當頒發施工許可證。

三(san)、完(wan)善工程建(jian)設組織模式

（三）加快推行工程(cheng)總承(cheng)包。裝配式(shi)建(jian)筑原(yuan)則上(shang)應采用工程總承包模式(shi)。政府投資(zi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)應完(wan)善(shan)建設管理模式，帶頭推行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)。加快完(wan)善(shan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)相關的(de)招(zhao)標投標、施工(gong)(gong)許可(ke)、竣工(gong)(gong)驗收等(deng)制度規定。按照總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)負總(zong)(zong)責的(de)原則，落(luo)實工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)單位在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量安全、進度控制、成本(ben)管理等(deng)方面的(de)責任。除以暫估(gu)價形式包(bao)(bao)括在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)范(fan)圍內且(qie)依(yi)法必須進行(xing)招(zhao)標的(de)項目外(wai)，工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)單位可(ke)以直(zhi)接發包(bao)(bao)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)合同中涵蓋的(de)其他專業業務(wu)。

（四）培(pei)育全過程工(gong)程咨詢。鼓勵投(tou)資咨(zi)詢、勘察、設計、監(jian)理、招標代理、造(zao)價等企業采取聯合經營、并購重組等方式發展全過程工程咨(zi)詢，培育一批具有國際水平的全過程工程咨(zi)詢企業。制定全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)工程(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服(fu)務技術(shu)標準和(he)合同范(fan)本。政府投(tou)資工程(cheng)應(ying)帶頭推行全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)工程(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)，鼓(gu)勵非政府投(tou)資工程(cheng)委托全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)工程(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服(fu)務。在(zai)民用建(jian)筑項目中，充分發揮建(jian)筑師(shi)的主導作用，鼓(gu)勵提供全(quan)(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)工程(cheng)咨(zi)(zi)(zi)詢(xun)服(fu)務。

四、加強工程質(zhi)量安(an)全管理

（五(wu)）嚴格落實工程質量責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。全面落實各方主(zhu)體的(de)(de)工程質量責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，特別要(yao)(yao)強化建(jian)設(she)(she)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)首要(yao)(yao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)勘察(cha)、設(she)(she)計(ji)、施工單位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。嚴格執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)工程質量終身責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制，在建(jian)筑物(wu)明(ming)顯部位(wei)(wei)設(she)(she)置永久(jiu)性標牌，公示質量責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)體和(he)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人。對違(wei)反有(you)關規(gui)定、造(zao)成工程質量事故(gu)的(de)(de)，依(yi)(yi)法給予(yu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單位(wei)(wei)停業(ye)整頓(dun)、降低資質等(deng)級、吊銷(xiao)資質證(zheng)書(shu)等(deng)行(xing)政(zheng)處罰(fa)(fa)并通過國(guo)家企(qi)業(ye)信用信息公示系統予(yu)以公示，給予(yu)注冊執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)人員(yuan)暫(zan)停執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)、吊銷(xiao)資格證(zheng)書(shu)、一定時間直(zhi)至(zhi)終身不得進(jin)入行(xing)業(ye)等(deng)處罰(fa)(fa)。對發生工程質量事故(gu)造(zao)成損失的(de)(de)，要(yao)(yao)依(yi)(yi)法追究經(jing)濟賠償(chang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，情節嚴重的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)追究有(you)關單位(wei)(wei)和(he)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)法律責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。參與房(fang)地產(chan)開(kai)發的(de)(de)建(jian)筑業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)應依(yi)(yi)法合規(gui)經(jing)營，提高住宅品(pin)質。

（六）加強(qiang)安全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)。全(quan)面落(luo)實安全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)責任，加強(qiang)施工現(xian)場安全(quan)防(fang)護，特別要強(qiang)化對深(shen)基坑、高支模、起(qi)重機(ji)械等(deng)危險性較大的(de)(de)分部分項工程的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)，以及對不(bu)良地質地區重大工程項目的(de)(de)風險評(ping)估或論證。推進信息技術與安全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)深(shen)度融合，加快建(jian)設建(jian)筑(zhu)施工安全(quan)監管(guan)信息系統，通過信息化手段加強(qiang)安全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)。建(jian)立健全(quan)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋、多(duo)層(ceng)次(ci)、經常性的(de)(de)安全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)培訓制度，提升從業人員(yuan)安全(quan)素質以及各方主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)本質安全(quan)水平。

（七）全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提高監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)平。完善(shan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法律法規和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制度(du)，健全(quan)(quan)(quan)企業負(fu)責(ze)、政(zheng)府監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、社會監(jian)(jian)(jian)督的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)保(bao)障體系。強(qiang)化政(zheng)府對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，明確(que)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)范(fan)圍，落實監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)責(ze)任(ren)，加大抽查抽測力度(du)，重點加強(qiang)對涉及(ji)公共安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地基(ji)基(ji)礎、主體結構等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)和竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)等(deng)環節(jie)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督檢(jian)查。加強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督隊伍建設，監(jian)(jian)(jian)督機(ji)(ji)構履(lv)行(xing)職能所需經費由同級財政(zheng)預算(suan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)額保(bao)障。政(zheng)府可采取購買服務的(de)方式，委托具備條件(jian)的(de)社會力量(liang)進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督檢(jian)查。推(tui)進工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)標準化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，督促各方主體健全(quan)(quan)(quan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控機(ji)(ji)制。強(qiang)化對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，選擇部(bu)分地區開(kai)展監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單(dan)位(wei)向政(zheng)府報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)情況的(de)試點。加強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)測機(ji)(ji)構管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，嚴(yan)厲(li)打(da)擊出(chu)具虛假報(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)等(deng)行(xing)為(wei)。推(tui)動發展工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)險。

五、優化建筑市場環境

（八）建(jian)立(li)統一開放市場。打破區域(yu)市場準(zhun)入壁(bi)壘，取消各地區、各行(xing)業(ye)(ye)在法律、行(xing)政法規(gui)和(he)國(guo)務(wu)院規(gui)定外(wai)對建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)設置的不合理準(zhun)入條件；嚴禁擅(shan)自設立(li)或變相設立(li)審批(pi)、備案(an)事項，為建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)提供(gong)公(gong)(gong)平市場環境(jing)。完善(shan)全國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市場監(jian)管公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)平臺(tai)，加快實現與全國(guo)信用信息共(gong)享平臺(tai)和(he)國(guo)家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)信用信息公(gong)(gong)示系統的數據(ju)共(gong)享交(jiao)換。建(jian)立(li)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市場主體(ti)黑(hei)名單制度，依法依規(gui)全面公(gong)(gong)開企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)個(ge)人(ren)信用記錄，接受社會監(jian)督。

（九）加強(qiang)承包(bao)(bao)履(lv)約管理。引導承包(bao)(bao)企業以銀行(xing)保(bao)函(han)(han)或擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)公(gong)司保(bao)函(han)(han)的(de)形(xing)式，向(xiang)建(jian)設單位(wei)提(ti)供履(lv)約擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)。對(dui)采用常規通用技術標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)政府投(tou)資工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，在(zai)原則上(shang)實(shi)行(xing)最低價(jia)中(zhong)標(biao)的(de)同時，有效(xiao)發(fa)揮(hui)履(lv)約擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)的(de)作用，防止惡意低價(jia)中(zhong)標(biao)，確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投(tou)資不超預算。嚴厲查處轉包(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)違(wei)法分包(bao)(bao)等行(xing)為。完善工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量清單計價(jia)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)信息發(fa)布(bu)機制，形(xing)成統一(yi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)計價(jia)規則，合理確定和(he)(he)有效(xiao)控制工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)。

（十）規范工(gong)程價款(kuan)(kuan)結算(suan)。審(shen)計機關應依法加(jia)強對(dui)以政府投資為主(zhu)的(de)(de)公共工(gong)程建設項(xiang)目的(de)(de)審(shen)計監督，建設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得將(jiang)未完成審(shen)計作為延期工(gong)程結算(suan)、拖(tuo)欠(qian)工(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)理(li)由。未完成竣(jun)工(gong)結算(suan)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目，有(you)關部門不(bu)予辦理(li)產(chan)權(quan)登記。對(dui)長期拖(tuo)欠(qian)工(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)不(bu)得批準(zhun)新項(xiang)目開(kai)工(gong)。嚴(yan)格(ge)執行工(gong)程預付(fu)(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)制度，及時按(an)合同約定足(zu)額向承包單(dan)(dan)位(wei)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)預付(fu)(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)。通過工(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)擔保(bao)等經濟(ji)、法律手段約束建設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)履(lv)約行為，預防拖(tuo)欠(qian)工(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan)。

六、提高從業人(ren)員素質

（十一）加(jia)快(kuai)培(pei)養(yang)建(jian)筑人(ren)(ren)(ren)才。積極(ji)培(pei)育既(ji)有(you)國(guo)際視野又有(you)民族自信(xin)(xin)的(de)建(jian)筑師隊伍。加(jia)快(kuai)培(pei)養(yang)熟悉國(guo)際規則的(de)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)高級(ji)(ji)管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)才。大(da)力(li)推進校企合作(zuo)，培(pei)養(yang)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才。加(jia)強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程現場管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員和建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)教育培(pei)訓。健全(quan)(quan)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)標準體系(xi)，全(quan)(quan)面實施建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)鑒定(ding)制度(du)。發展一批建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)鑒定(ding)機構，開(kai)展建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)評價工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。通過制定(ding)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場技(ji)能(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)基本配備標準、發布各(ge)個技(ji)能(neng)(neng)等級(ji)(ji)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本信(xin)(xin)息等方式，引(yin)導(dao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資分(fen)配向關鍵技(ji)術技(ji)能(neng)(neng)崗位傾斜。大(da)力(li)弘(hong)揚工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)匠(jiang)精神，培(pei)養(yang)高素(su)質建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)級(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)水平以上(shang)的(de)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數量達(da)到(dao)(dao)300萬，2025年(nian)達(da)到(dao)(dao)1000萬。

（十二）改革建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)度。推動建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞務(wu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型(xing)，大(da)(da)力發展木工(gong)(gong)(gong)、電工(gong)(gong)(gong)、砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、鋼筋制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)等以作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)。以專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)主要載體(ti)，逐步實現(xian)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)公司化、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化管理(li)。鼓勵現(xian)有專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)進(jin)一(yi)步做專做精，增強(qiang)競(jing)爭力，推動形成一(yi)批以作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)。促進(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)向技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)轉型(xing)，著力穩(wen)定(ding)和擴大(da)(da)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)。建(jian)立(li)全國建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)管理(li)服務(wu)信息(xi)平(ping)臺，開展建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)實名制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)，記錄(lu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)身(shen)份信息(xi)、培訓情況、職業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)(ji)能、從業(ye)(ye)(ye)記錄(lu)等信息(xi)，逐步實現(xian)全覆(fu)蓋。

（十三）保護工(gong)(gong)(gong)人合(he)法(fa)權益。全(quan)面(mian)落實(shi)勞動合(he)同(tong)制度(du)，加大監察(cha)力度(du)，督促(cu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位與招用的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人依法(fa)簽(qian)訂勞動合(he)同(tong)，到2020年基本實(shi)現(xian)勞動合(he)同(tong)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋。健(jian)全(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)付保障制度(du)，按照誰用工(gong)(gong)(gong)誰負責和(he)總承包負總責的(de)(de)原則，落實(shi)企業工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支(zhi)付責任，依法(fa)按月足額發放(fang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)。將存在拖欠工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)行為的(de)(de)企業列(lie)入黑名單，對其采取限制市場準入等懲戒措施，情(qing)節嚴重的(de)(de)降(jiang)低資(zi)質等級。建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)與建(jian)筑(zhu)業相適應(ying)的(de)(de)社會保險(xian)參保繳費方式，大力推進(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位參加工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位應(ying)履行社會責任，不斷改(gai)善建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環(huan)境，提升職(zhi)業健(jian)康水平，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人穩定就業。

七、推進建筑產業(ye)現代化

（十四）推廣智(zhi)能(neng)和裝配(pei)(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。堅持標準化(hua)設計、工廠化(hua)生產(chan)、裝配(pei)(pei)(pei)化(hua)施(shi)工、一體化(hua)裝修、信息化(hua)管理、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)應(ying)用，推動(dong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)創新(xin)(xin)，大力發(fa)展(zhan)裝配(pei)(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)混凝土(tu)和鋼結(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，在(zai)具備(bei)條件(jian)的(de)(de)地方(fang)倡導發(fa)展(zhan)現代木結(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，不斷提(ti)高裝配(pei)(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)比例(li)。力爭用10年左右的(de)(de)時間，使裝配(pei)(pei)(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積的(de)(de)比例(li)達到30%。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和既有建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改造(zao)中(zhong)推廣普(pu)及(ji)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)應(ying)用，完善智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)系統(tong)運行維護機制，實現建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舒(shu)適(shi)安(an)全、節能(neng)高效。

（十五）提升建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)水平。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)應體(ti)現地(di)(di)域特征、民族特點和(he)時代(dai)風貌，突出建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)使用功能及(ji)節(jie)能、節(jie)水、節(jie)地(di)(di)、節(jie)材和(he)環保(bao)等要求，提供功能適用、經濟(ji)合理(li)、安全可(ke)靠、技術先進、環境協(xie)調的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)產品。健(jian)全適應建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)特點的(de)(de)(de)招標(biao)投標(biao)制度，推(tui)行設(she)(she)計(ji)團隊(dui)招標(biao)、設(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)案招標(biao)等方(fang)式。促進國內外建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)企(qi)業公平競爭，培育有(you)國際(ji)競爭力的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)隊(dui)伍。倡導開(kai)展建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)評論，促進建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)理(li)念的(de)(de)(de)融合和(he)升華。

（十六）加強技術(shu)(shu)研發應(ying)用(yong)。加快先(xian)進建造設(she)備、智能設(she)備的(de)(de)研發、制造和(he)推廣應(ying)用(yong)，提(ti)(ti)升各類施工(gong)(gong)機(ji)具的(de)(de)性能和(he)效(xiao)率，提(ti)(ti)高機(ji)械化施工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)度。限制和(he)淘汰落后、危險工(gong)(gong)藝工(gong)(gong)法，保障生產施工(gong)(gong)安全(quan)。積極支持(chi)建筑(zhu)業(ye)科研工(gong)(gong)作，大幅提(ti)(ti)高技術(shu)(shu)創新對產業(ye)發展的(de)(de)貢獻(xian)率。加快推進建筑(zhu)信息(xi)模型（BIM）技術(shu)(shu)在規劃、勘察、設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)和(he)運營維護(hu)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)集成應(ying)用(yong)，實(shi)現工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)項目(mu)全(quan)生命周期數據共(gong)享和(he)信息(xi)化管(guan)理，為(wei)項目(mu)方(fang)案優(you)化和(he)科學決(jue)策提(ti)(ti)供(gong)依據，促進建筑(zhu)業(ye)提(ti)(ti)質(zhi)增效(xiao)。

（十七）完善工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。整(zheng)合(he)精簡強制(zhi)性(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，適度(du)提高(gao)(gao)安全、質量、性(xing)能、健康、節(jie)能等強制(zhi)性(xing)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)要(yao)求，逐步提高(gao)(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)水平。積極培育團體標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，鼓勵(li)具備相應能力的(de)(de)行業協會、產業聯盟等主體共同制(zhi)定(ding)滿(man)足(zu)市場和創新(xin)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，建(jian)立強制(zhi)性(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)與(yu)團體標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)相結合(he)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)供給(gei)體制(zhi)，增加(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)有效供給(gei)。及(ji)時開展標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)復(fu)審，加(jia)快標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)修(xiu)訂(ding)，提高(gao)(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)時效性(xing)。加(jia)強科(ke)技研發與(yu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)信息溝通，建(jian)立全國工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)專家委員會，為工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化工(gong)作提供技術支撐(cheng)，提高(gao)(gao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)質量和水平。

八(ba)、加快建筑業(ye)企業(ye)“走出去”

（十八(ba)）加(jia)強中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)銜(xian)接。積極(ji)開展中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)對比研究，適應(ying)國際(ji)(ji)通行(xing)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)內容結構(gou)、要素指標(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)相(xiang)關術語，縮小中(zhong)(zhong)國標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)與國外(wai)(wai)先進標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的技(ji)術差距。加(jia)大中(zhong)(zhong)國標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)外(wai)(wai)文(wen)版(ban)翻譯和(he)宣傳推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)力度，以“一帶一路”戰略為引領，優先在對外(wai)(wai)投(tou)資、技(ji)術輸(shu)出和(he)援建工程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用(yong)。積極(ji)參(can)加(jia)國際(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)認(ren)證、交流等(deng)活動，開展工程(cheng)技(ji)術標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的雙邊合作。到2025年，實(shi)現工程(cheng)建設(she)國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)全部有(you)外(wai)(wai)文(wen)版(ban)。

（十九）提高對(dui)(dui)外承包(bao)能力(li)。統籌協(xie)調(diao)建筑(zhu)業(ye)“走出(chu)去”，充分發揮(hui)我國建筑(zhu)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在高鐵、公路、電力(li)、港口(kou)、機場、油氣長(chang)輸管(guan)道、高層建筑(zhu)等(deng)工程(cheng)建設(she)方(fang)面的比(bi)較優(you)勢，有(you)目標(biao)、有(you)重點、有(you)組織(zhi)地對(dui)(dui)外承包(bao)工程(cheng)，參與“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路”建設(she)。建筑(zhu)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)對(dui)(dui)國際(ji)標(biao)準的研(yan)究力(li)度，積極(ji)適應國際(ji)標(biao)準，加(jia)強對(dui)(dui)外承包(bao)工程(cheng)質量(liang)、履約等(deng)方(fang)面管(guan)理，在援外住房等(deng)民生項目中發揮(hui)積極(ji)作用。鼓勵大(da)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)帶(dai)動中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)、沿海(hai)(hai)沿邊地區企(qi)(qi)業(ye)合(he)作“出(chu)海(hai)(hai)”，積極(ji)有(you)序開拓(tuo)國際(ji)市(shi)場，避免惡性競爭。引導對(dui)(dui)外承包(bao)工程(cheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)向項目融資、設(she)計咨詢、后續運(yun)營維護(hu)管(guan)理等(deng)高附加(jia)值的領域(yu)有(you)序拓(tuo)展(zhan)。推動企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提高屬地化經營水(shui)平(ping)，實現(xian)與所(suo)在國家(jia)和地區互(hu)利共贏。

（二十）加(jia)大(da)政(zheng)策扶(fu)持力(li)度。加(jia)強建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業“走(zou)出去”相關主管部(bu)門間的(de)溝通協(xie)調和信息共享。到2025年，與(yu)大(da)部(bu)分“一帶一路”沿線國(guo)家和地區簽(qian)訂雙邊工程建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)備忘錄，同時爭取(qu)在雙邊自(zi)貿協(xie)定中納入相關內容(rong)，推進建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)領域執業資格國(guo)際(ji)互認。綜合(he)發揮各類金融(rong)工具的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，重點支(zhi)(zhi)持對外經濟合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)中建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)領域的(de)重大(da)戰略項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。借鑒國(guo)際(ji)通行的(de)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)融(rong)資模式，按照(zhao)風險(xian)可控、商(shang)業可持續原則，加(jia)大(da)對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業“走(zou)出去”的(de)金融(rong)支(zhi)(zhi)持力(li)度。

各(ge)地區、各(ge)部門要高度(du)重(zhong)視深化建(jian)筑業改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)工(gong)作，健全工(gong)作機制，明(ming)確任務(wu)分(fen)工(gong)，及(ji)時(shi)研究解(jie)決建(jian)筑業改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展中的重(zhong)大問題(ti)，完善(shan)相(xiang)關(guan)政策，確保(bao)按期完成各(ge)項(xiang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)任務(wu)。加(jia)快推(tui)動修(xiu)訂建(jian)筑法(fa)、招標投(tou)標法(fa)等法(fa)律，完善(shan)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規。充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮協會(hui)商(shang)會(hui)熟(shu)悉行(xing)業、貼近企業的優勢，及(ji)時(shi)反映企業訴求，反饋政策落實情(qing)況，發(fa)(fa)揮好規范行(xing)業秩序、建(jian)立從(cong)業人員行(xing)為(wei)準則、促(cu)進企業誠信經(jing)營等方面(mian)的自律作用。

　　　　　　　   國(guo)務院辦公廳

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   　　2017年2月21日

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